Well, there’s a pretty simple answer . . . and a very complicated one. This book, fresh off the press from Kregel Academic, dives into the complicated intersections of theology, philosophy, ethics, and (perhaps most importantly across disciplines) metaethics on the issues of “What is love?” and “What is the source of morality?” Best (and last) of all, it’s a book on apologetics: “If there is objective moral truth, then the trinitarian God of Christianity is the best explanation of such truth.”
If you believe that last statement, then you may not need to read this book unless.
Unless you have analytical, skeptical friends who want to argue with you about things like whether or not God exists and whether or not there is objective moral truth, or—what is love, anyway?
Okay, so you know your Bible: “God is love” (1 John 4:8), and since He’s the creator and sustainer of the universe (Colossians 1:17), He is definitely the legitimate and wise source of objective moral truth and the moral obligations we’ve been given as humans (Psalm 111:10). Check. Check. Check. BUT, we arrive at all these conclusions by our rock-solid faith in the Scriptures. What about those who don’t believe that the Bible really is the perfect, pure Word of God gifted to us because God is love and He loves us? What about the billions of people who don’t understand that the moral code God has instilled in our hearts and via biblical revelation is for our own good and happiness?
Okay again. I hear you. People won’t ultimately understand this until they become Christians, and studying a book of apologetics might make us brilliant debaters, but it’s not really going to bring anybody to saving faith in Christ per se (which is what we all hope for . . . along with the eternal life they’ll receive). True enough. When my father was starting to consider Christianity after a sixty-year hiatus, it wasn’t because I was winning our religious arguments (and there had been many over the years), it was because he sensed that I truly loved him. His first comforting comment to me was, “I don’t know if there’s such a thing as a Christian, but if there is, you are.”
We can’t argue anybody into heaven, but we can love them, and that’s all God tells us to do! John 16:8 makes it clear that it’s the Holy Spirit who ultimately convicts people of sin and their need for salvation. We can’t “save” anybody. People are born spiritually dead and although they have to be born again to see the Kingdom of God and understand spiritual realities (John 3:3,7), no brilliance on our part is ever going to be the key to unlocking the kingdom for them. Right? It’s the Holy Spirit rebirthing them by grace through faith: a gift from God (Ephesians 2:8). Their faith, not our insight. Humility, not pride. Love, not opposition. God wants us to love and pray. But, we can pray for God to give them the gift of faith, and we know that “whosoever will” can be saved (John 3:16).
It’s also true that a part of loving is trying to understand our loved one’s honest questions and looking for honest answers. It doesn’t hurt to understand the philosophical underpinnings of our faith if we can. Faith comes by hearing and understanding the Word of God (Romans 10:17). The Bible also says to study (2 Timothy 2:15). I think Adam Lloyd Johnson does a beautiful job of defending his theory that the loving relationships between the persons of the triune God is the most reasonable explanation for the foundation of moral values and obligations that we see in the world around us.
His long, carefully crafted lines of reasoning are beyond the scope of this post to summarize in any sort of meaningful way. He’s unraveled and woven together hundreds of threads. So, I can’t condense his book into nine easy take-home points, but I can encourage you to study his “divine love theory” if you’ve seriously puzzled over how the moral code we all experience has come to be. Why is it that humans seem to have some universal dos and don’ts? Why do we all know what’s “good” and “bad”? Mass shootings, rape, stealing, kidnapping—no society approves such actions against their own. I remember visiting South Africa’s Soweto, notorious as the source for much of the crime in Johannesburg. When I asked the tour guide, “Do they also rob each other blind?” he shook his head. “Everybody has their own code. You rob others, but not your own, and if you try, the neighbors know. They have their own system for justice, and they watch out for each other.” I’ve read that’s largely true of gangs too.
But I digress. The point is, misshapen and corrupt as it often is, human societies invariably have moral codes. I think the question isn’t, “Do all humans have a universally agreed-upon moral code?” but “Do all humans universally have moral codes?” The answer to the second question is “Yes.” Where did that sense of right and wrong come from?
“But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear” (1Peter 3:15).